The present pilot study is aimed to obtain preliminary data on the effect of three ascending
      oral dose levels of nepadutant on the relief of symptoms associated with feeding intolerance.
      In addition, the assessment of drug exposure (PK assessment) will provide additional
      information on the dose-effect relationship, thus supporting the dose selection and dosing
      schedule in the future studies.

Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Nepadutant in Infant With Feeding Intolerance

Colic

Feeding intolerance is a transient neuro-developmental phenomenon affecting 25% to 40% of
      infant and toddler, with a peak at 6 weeks of age. Feeding problems include mainly vomiting,
      slow feeding, refusal to eat and colic.

      Current non pharmacological interventions (e.g. message, restriction in maternal diet in
      breast-feeding infants) and pharmacological treatments (simethicone, antimuscarinic drugs and
      antiacids) are largely unsatisfactory.

      Nepadutant is postulated to have a therapeutic effect in infant colic since it reverts
      exaggerated intestinal motility and sensitivity induced by different stimuli through the
      activation of neurokinin-2 receptors, without interferring on the on physiological
      gastrointestinal transit.

      This phase IIa study is designed to test in each participant infant two out of three oral
      doses of nepadutant in order to measure its blood levels, safety and efficacy with each dose
      level to be given for 7 concecutive days.

      The experimental clinical phase encompasses the following periods:

        -  Screening period (no study medication), lasting approximately 7 days prior to
           randomization

        -  Treatment period, lasting fourteen days (7 days fore each dose)with once daily
           administration

        -  A safety follow-up visit, approximately four weeks after start of treatment.

Nepadutant

A Multicenter, Open Label, Ascending 7 Day-Repeated Dose Study to Investigate Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Nepadutant In Infants With Feeding Intolerance

Results obtained at V2 serve as baseline values for the assessment of effects at V3 (i.e. end of first week of treatment).
Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R ), with a minimum-maximum score of 0-42 (minimum for diagnosis >15). The higher values reflect worse outcome. The questionnaire comprised 12 items as questions quantifying aspects of regurgitation (3 questions), crying (3 questions), feeding refusal (2 questions), apnea/cyanosis (2 questions), hiccups and arching. Questions with 4 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 3; questions with 5 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 4.
The scores of each item are summed, so the total score is presented.

The results obtained at V3 are used as baseline for the second week treatment period (V4).
Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R ), with a minimum-maximum score of 0-42 (minimum for diagnosis >15). The higher values reflect worse outcome. The questionnaire comprised 12 items as questions quantifying aspects of regurgitation (3 questions), crying (3 questions), feeding refusal (2 questions), apnea/cyanosis (2 questions), hiccups and arching. Questions with 4 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 3; questions with 5 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 4.
The scores of each item are summed, so the total score is presented.

Results obtained at V2 serve as baseline values for follow-up assessment 2 weeks after the last administered dose (V5) Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R ), with a minimum-maximum score of 0-42 (minimum for diagnosis >15). The higher values reflect worse outcome. The questionnaire comprised 12 items as questions quantifying aspects of regurgitation (3 questions), crying (3 questions), feeding refusal (2 questions), apnea/cyanosis (2 questions), hiccups and arching. Questions with 4 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 3; questions with 5 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 4.
The scores of each item are summed, so the total score is presented.

Change in Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) Score. Assessing the I-GERQ-R score changes vs baseline (Visit 2) by first dose level (0.1mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg). Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R ), with a minimum-maximum score of 0-42 (minimum for diagnosis >15). The higher values reflect worse outcome. The questionnaire comprised 12 items as questions quantifying aspects of regurgitation (3 questions), crying (3 questions), feeding refusal (2 questions), apnea/cyanosis (2 questions), hiccups and arching. Questions with 4 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 3; questions with 5 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 4.
The scores of each item are summed, so the total score is presented.

Change in Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) Score. Assessing the I-GERQ-R score changes vs Visit 3 by second dose level (0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg).
Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R ), with a minimum-maximum score of 0-42 (minimum for diagnosis >15). The higher values reflect worse outcome. The questionnaire comprised 12 items as questions quantifying aspects of regurgitation (3 questions), crying (3 questions), feeding refusal (2 questions), apnea/cyanosis (2 questions), hiccups and arching. Questions with 4 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 3; questions with 5 possible options have a score ranging from 0 to 4.
The scores of each item are summed, so the total score is presented.

The analysis is by treatment - Each infant was treated with two out of three ascending dose (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), therefore counted in more than one dose level.

The population pharmacokinetic analyses is presented. PopPK Clearance estimated with a one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination.

PopPK Volume estimated with a one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. NOTE: for this measure, no inter-individual variability was estimated, therefore the value for each cohort corresponds to the typical value.

The population pharmacokinetic analyses is presented. PopPK Ka estimated with a one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. NOTE: for this measure, no inter-individual variability was estimated, therefore the value for each cohort corresponds to the typical value.

The population pharmacokinetic analyses is presented. The PopPK parameter fraction of the dose absorbed (F1) is estimated with a one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination.The results are presented fraction of the absorbed dose with 95% CI of the parameter estimate value

Nepadutant low dose (0.1mg/kg) for 7 days followed by Nepadutant high dose (1mg/kg) for additional 7 days

Nepadutant medium dose (0.5mg/kg) for 7 days followed by Nepadutant high dose (1mg/kg) for additional 7 days

Nepadutant low dose (0.1mg/kg) for 7 days followed by Nepadutant medium dose (0.5mg/kg) for additional 7 days

Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Nepadutant in Infant With Feeding Intolerance

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